As discussed in previous sections, Citizen Science is the most recent and advanced form of interaction between the scientific community and society. It is a social innovation process that promotes active citizen participation in research activities (Bucchi, 2006). This constantly evolving perspective has now gained well-established theoretical recognition at an international level, lying at the intersection of various fields of study, including Science and Technology Studies (STS), the sociology of science, and scientific communication. Within this context, the focus of this paper is on the Italian landscape, analyzing the motivations that lead scientists and citizens to participate in Citizen Science initiatives and highlighting the associated challenges and opportunities.