The idea that moral psychology, behavior, norms, and beliefs are direct products of evolution by natural selection has received increased attention and support over the past few decades. Many scientists and philosophers believe that these aspects of morality were selected in human populations because of their contribution to increasing chances of survival and reproduction. This book outlined and critically analyzed this research program and the arguments offered by its proponents, evaluating its robustness by discussing several scientific and philosophical works. Empirical evidence and more fundamental theoretical considerations show that the idea that morality and moral psychology are direct products of natural selection is poorly grounded. I have thus highlighted some important implications for several proposals (theoretical and practical) that have been recently defended in light of evolutionary explanations of human cognition and morality.