Introduction
摘要
The sheer vastness of Jewish texts, based on thousands of years of oral and written studies, can be overwhelming to the reader. However, the field of subjects and themes in Jewish art and visual culture is not as large as expected for such a long time. Under the guidance of Jewish sages, religious art was restricted to a distinct range. The Second Commandment caused this situation: “Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.” (Exodus, 20:4). The choice of modern-secular Jewish subject matter shows a similar tendency, channeled by the selection of similar literary sources as models.