Demands of society for environmentally friendly agricultural practices in Europe are increasing. Measures within the European Union (EU) to regulate N and P losses to the environment are intended to support the reduction of N and P inputs from mineral fertilization. Farmers are under pressure to reduce their surpluses (especially for N), to avoid greenhouse gas emissions at the farm level and to integrate aspects of ecosystem services in their farm operations. This applies to intensive dairy production, where, in dependence of the different European contrasting environments, permanent grassland and/or feld forage production play an essential role in providing nutrient and energy supply. In particular, nitrate levels in groundwater have reached critical levels, exacerbated in areas that are prone to nitrate leaching. A decrease in mineral N fertilization in forage production is expected to achieve high N use effciency (low N surpluses at the farm gate). To meet the demand for higher production, on the one hand, feld forage cultivation (or temporary grassland) will be used more, and on the other hand, grassland cultivation will be intensifed, using also integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems. In this regard, temporary grassland is an important strategy in grassland management and forage production. Temporary grassland is characterized by a grass phase of one to three years. It has its origin in the positive response to residual effects of the grass phase in the subsequent arable crop, especially on soil fertility, reduced crop diseases and weeds. This kind of grass-arable system is important for some regions, to obtain adequate succeeding crop yields. The establishment of temporary grassland may be advantageous to overcome feed shortages observed in permanent grassland (Søegaard et al., 2007).