Soil is a crucial but non-renewable resource that underpins numerous life-supporting functions on Earth and serves as a fundamental platform for agriculture (Clunes et al., 2021). However, various human activities have resulted in the degradation or contamination of up to 40% of global soils, with these levels continuing to escalate (Sarkar et al., 2021). This situation presents a formidable challenge to sustainable agriculture, especially in regions experiencing rapid industrialization and urban development. In China, decades of impressive economic growth have coincided with heightened soil pollution, largely attributed to the extensive production and use of chemicals. China is a major producer and consumer of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) (Li et al., 2014). These metals accumulate in soils primarily through industrial activities like mining, smelting, and manufacturing processes. As the world’s largest consumer of pesticides, China extensively applies these chemicals to protect crops and boost agricultural productivity. For instance, in 2021, approximately 1.8 million tons of pesticides were used (Alavanja, 2009). Improper application practices and insufficient regulatory oversight contribute to pesticide residues accumulating in soils, impacting soil biodiversity and potentially contaminating groundwater.