There are significant issues facing agriculture in general and women on smallholder farms in particular. These include a significant rise in catastrophic climate-related events, the need for adaptation and mitigation efforts to address the resultant changing circumstances, a lack of adequate accounting of small-farm numbers and niche farm industries making national accounting and support for smallholder farmers difficult, problematic access for women to land ownership through traditional routes such as inheritance or family support to purchase a farm, changing expectations about women’s work on and off farms and gender politics in general. In the Australian context, this chapter outlines the disturbing and long-term neglect of women’s contributions to agriculture in Australia, a lack of public accounting relating to the numbers of women operating industries on smallholder farms, low levels of farm ownership and all against a background of continuing and disturbing catastrophic climatic events.