Foodborne pathogens that have been identified with poultry such as Salmonella and Campylobacter continue to be a major issue of public health concern (Dawoud et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2019a; Ricke, 2021; O’Bryan et al. 2022). Understanding their capabilities for becoming established in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of chickens and subsequent transmission in poultry flocks remains elusive (Dunkley et al., 2009; Horrocks et al., 2009; Ricke, 2017a,b; Sibanda et al., 2018; Gast et al., 2022; Obe et al., 2023). For example, there are increasing concerns about the risk of developing cross-resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria of the host animal. Historically, several antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents have been used in prophylactic doses in poultry feed to improve poultry performance and thereby achieve economic benefits but, at the same time, increasing the risk of resistance (Jones and Ricke, 2003; Wythe et al., 2023). As a result, there is potential for outbreaks of specific enteric diseases originating from food animal sources including poultry that would greatly compromise public health treatment efforts on a global scale (Chen et al., 2015; Aarestrup, 2015; Van Boeckel et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2019b; Ager et al., 2023; Wythe et al., 2023). These enteric diseases could lower productivity as well as increase bird mortality and associated contamination of poultry products for human consumption. In response to these concerns, current and proposed regulations have challenged the meat animal industry to seek a wide range of feed amendment alternatives to not only maintain live animal production proficiency but retain quality attributes of the resulting food product (Hajati and Rezai, 2010; Alloui et al., 2013; Ricke, 2015; Hume, 2011; Clavijo and Flórez, 2018; Dittoe et al., 2018; Ricke, 2018, 2021; Callaway and Ricke, 2023).