Weeds are a major challenge in agriculture, and their management is crucial for the success of crop production. Traditional or conventional agriculture uses tillage equipment to achieve weed control, and it also increases the fineness of tilth and soil smoothness, aeration, artificial porosity, friability, and optimum moisture content. Further, well-cultivated soil facilitates the subsequent sowing and covering of the seeds (Baker et al., 2007). This intensive tillagebased agricultural system, however, causes several problems such as the deterioration of soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties that lead to soil erosion, compaction, and reduced microbial fauna (Johansen et al., 2012). The problems caused by conventional agriculture have convinced farmers to consider adopting Conservation Agriculture (CA), which involves abandoning or reducing plowing practices and leaving residues on the soil surface (Eslami, 2014). CA is a set of farming practices that minimizes soil disturbance, maintains a permanent soil cover, and includes diversified crop rotations. In other words, it is a farming system that aims to improve soil health, reduce soil erosion, and enhance crop productivity while minimizing the use of external inputs. CA is based on enhancing natural biological processes above and below ground, and it has several benefits such as decreased soil erosion, a positive impact on soil microbes, and enhancement of water infiltration through the soil profile. Overall, CA reduces the use of diesel fuel and other production costs, while it supports sustainability of crop production and weed suppression over time (Friedrich et al., 2009).

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Weed ecology in Conservation Agriculture systems: an overview

  • Seyed Vahid Eslami,
  • Carol C. Baskin,
  • Jerry M. Baskin

摘要

Weeds are a major challenge in agriculture, and their management is crucial for the success of crop production. Traditional or conventional agriculture uses tillage equipment to achieve weed control, and it also increases the fineness of tilth and soil smoothness, aeration, artificial porosity, friability, and optimum moisture content. Further, well-cultivated soil facilitates the subsequent sowing and covering of the seeds (Baker et al., 2007). This intensive tillagebased agricultural system, however, causes several problems such as the deterioration of soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties that lead to soil erosion, compaction, and reduced microbial fauna (Johansen et al., 2012). The problems caused by conventional agriculture have convinced farmers to consider adopting Conservation Agriculture (CA), which involves abandoning or reducing plowing practices and leaving residues on the soil surface (Eslami, 2014). CA is a set of farming practices that minimizes soil disturbance, maintains a permanent soil cover, and includes diversified crop rotations. In other words, it is a farming system that aims to improve soil health, reduce soil erosion, and enhance crop productivity while minimizing the use of external inputs. CA is based on enhancing natural biological processes above and below ground, and it has several benefits such as decreased soil erosion, a positive impact on soil microbes, and enhancement of water infiltration through the soil profile. Overall, CA reduces the use of diesel fuel and other production costs, while it supports sustainability of crop production and weed suppression over time (Friedrich et al., 2009).