Weed control plays a critical role in mitigating competition between weed species and crops, thereby preventing yield decreases (Zimdahl, 2018). Various techniques exist to minimize weed–crop competition, including chemical, cultural, biocontrol, and mechanical control methods (Zimdahl, 2018; Van Antwerpen et al., 2022). With the scarcity of labor in the agricultural industry, there is a global trend toward increased herbicide use for weed management in crop fields (Aktar et al., 2009; Singh et al., 2022). Unfortunately, improper herbicide use, such as targeting specific weed species, incorrect timing of application during plant growth stages, and unfavorable weather conditions, has led to the accumulation of chemical residues in the soil, proliferation of weed species, and the development of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes (Motmainna et al., 2021).