Before exploring the potential role of precision technology in organic dairying, it is important to trace the origin of the organic movement and the evolution of both the values and standards that play a role in the adoption or non-adoption of technology. Organic farming standards and values vary across time and space and thus defining it can be challenging. The FAO and WHO (1999) define organic agriculture as ‘a production management system which promotes and enhances agroecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity’. Key features of organic livestock farming are the avoidance of synthetic fertilisers, pesticide, and routine use of antibiotics and wormers, achieving the highest possible animal welfare standards (e.g. space, outdoors where possible), and feeding a natural, organic diet (grass-rich, non-GM animal feed) (Soil Association, 2023).