This chapter explores the opportunities for pasture-fed milk production, and in particular enhanced grassland management, to meet the health and welfare needs of organic dairy cattle and impact climate change mitigation and adaptation, while also satisfying other social and economic objectives. In particular, we will focus on describing and exploring the relative attributes and otherwise of rotational grazing systems and the use of diverse species pastures within an organic dairy farming context and how these influence the resilience of these farming systems. Soil health is key to successful organic farming, including organic dairy farming. As grassland management can be an effective means to sequester carbon and thus potentially contribute to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions (Soussana et al., 2010; Jordon et al., 2024), we will focus on how pasture-based systems offer viable solutions for organic milk production while enhancing soil health, and soil carbon storage. We will discuss the importance of the animal, and how successful organic grassland farming relies on selecting appropriate breeds and types so as to achieve the highest level of animal welfare while remaining economically viable.