This chapter examines the links between agricultural management and biodiversity, mainly at the scales of the farm and field. Farms range in size from small holdings to vast tracts of land, but all have similar origins and face similar challenges. Agriculture originated from the conversion of natural vegetation to systems that are repeatedly disturbed to grow crops and grazing. Much original biodiversity was lost in that conversion, but agricultural ecosystems still operate through the same fundamental biophysical processes as natural ecosystems, based on flows of energy and matter (Norman et al., 1984; Vasey, 1992; Sinclair and Weiss, 2010), all mediated by biodiversity (Squire, 2020).