Agri-food systems encompass all stages of food production from primary production (field, forest or water-based cultivation and harvesting of food) through secondary production (e.g. slaughter, produce sorting and transport) to further stages of processing, packaging, storage and distribution (sometimes called tertiary production) through to retail or food service and, finally, the consumer and domestic activities such as preparing and eating food. Agri-food systems can be described as ‘the activities and socio-technical governance mechanisms that frame the way food is grown, produced, manufactured, retailed and eaten’ (Rees et al. 2019, p.841). Agri-food systems collate, aggregate, mix, transform, process and transport raw materials and food products which need to consistently meet both business customer (business to business or B2B) and consumer (business to consumer or B2C) requirements in terms of food safety, sensory and nutritional quality.