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Caves near Taunggyi in modern Myanmar’s Shan State show evidence of Neolithic settlement dating to 9000 BC. Copper was mined in the Shan hills from 1500 BC and subsequent farming communities traded with Chinese kingdoms. Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu people began moving south from Yunnan (in present-day China) into the upper Irrawaddy Valley from about 200 BC, eventually establishing several city-states in central Myanmar. One of the most important was the Sri Ksetva kingdom, perhaps the earliest urban centre in Southeast Asia. Extensive trade with India over centuries led to the rise of Buddhism. The Pyu calendar, the forerunner of the famed Burmese calendar, is thought to date from AD 638.

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    2025年

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摘要

Caves near Taunggyi in modern Myanmar’s Shan State show evidence of Neolithic settlement dating to 9000 BC. Copper was mined in the Shan hills from 1500 BC and subsequent farming communities traded with Chinese kingdoms. Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu people began moving south from Yunnan (in present-day China) into the upper Irrawaddy Valley from about 200 BC, eventually establishing several city-states in central Myanmar. One of the most important was the Sri Ksetva kingdom, perhaps the earliest urban centre in Southeast Asia. Extensive trade with India over centuries led to the rise of Buddhism. The Pyu calendar, the forerunner of the famed Burmese calendar, is thought to date from AD 638.