This chapter traces the contours of a world in profound transition, one where the transformation is not limited to the content of labor or conditions of employment but extends to the foundational architecture of workforce systems themselves. Legacy structures marked by centralized hierarchies, fixed job ladders, and firm-bound careers are collapsing under the converging pressures of automation, demographic realignment, and changing worker expectations. What emerges in their place are two deeply interconnected frameworks: the human capital supply chain and the distributed digital labor system.