In Chapters 5 , “C Programming for Memory Management,” and 6, “Process and Thread Management Tasks for C Programmers,” we have learned how to use C programming concepts and Linux features such as multiprocessing and interprocess communication for handling large and high-performance applications. In this chapter, you will understand the importance of Linux features such as namespaces and control groups (cgroups) in implementing lightweight virtualization concepts over the systems. Namespaces and cgroups are key building blocks for realizing today's widely used containerization technologies such as Docker. Moreover, most of the popular public cloud platforms (such as Google Cloud, AWS, Azure) are also built over the containerization technologies only.