This chapter explores the intricate world of cellular nanostructures and biomolecular motors that naturally exist within biological systems. Beginning with an overview of fundamental cellular nanostructures, it examines how these molecular machines perform critical functions in living organisms. It then delves into the mechanisms and applications of biomolecular motors, which convert chemical energy into mechanical work at the nanoscale. The discussion further investigates nanopores—both natural and synthetic channels that facilitate selective transport across membranes—and their technological applications. Bioinspired structures that mimic natural nanomachinery are also presented, illustrating how principles from nature inform nanotechnological innovation. The chapter concludes by examining the technological significance of these cellular nanostructures in fields such as medicine, biosensing, energy conversion, and nanorobotics, highlighting how understanding these natural nanomachines drives advances in nanotechnology with transformative potential across multiple disciplines.