Despite being titled "fundamentals," this could be the most crucial chapter of the book. Here, we will delve into what identity analytics is, why it has been gaining attention from leaders, and what it can do for enterprises. This chapter will lay the groundwork for the use cases that Identity and Access Management (IAM) analytics teams need to support. These use cases will form the foundation for determining the types of data we need to curate, the data models we need to build, and the infrastructure required to support these efforts.