The practice of trafficking poses a serious threat to society, nation, and state, as well as to life norms based on respect for human rights. Therefore, efforts to prevent and eradicate trafficking crimes and the protection and rehabilitation of victims need to be carried out at the national, regional, and international levels. This study aims to identify the factors that make the human protection conventions in ASEAN ineffective. This research is a type of exploration with a methodological qualitative type through a case study model. Additionally, this research uses a literature review as a technique for gathering information and analysis. This paper finds that the contribution of the ASEAN Convention on women and child trade agreements has not been significant. However, the existence of this convention can suppress the occurrence of child trafficking in Indonesia. The contribution of this study is to provide analytical recommendations to several stakeholders to make the human trafficking convention a serious convention and make it able to become a guideline and foundation for building better human security. This condition occurs due to the complex problem of human trafficking in ASEAN, especially women and children. This complexity occurs because of economic factors, social-cultural factors, and political factors.