Indian Independence Act of 1947 divided the British Empire in India into two dominions: India and Pakistan. Colonial Bengal, a province of British India, was partitioned for the second time in 1947. Hindu majority West Bengal remained in the union of India, and Muslim majority East Bengal went under Pakistan. However, the Partition imposed artificial transnational borders over a unified natural landscape, which affected the people of the lower basin. After the Partition, India became the origin of many international rivers and made barrages on them. Therefore, water-sharing between India and Pakistan became a burning issue. This chapter aims to bridge the history of making barrages and its environmental impacts on Bangladesh, notably the Farakka Barrage. Thus, this chapter focuses on two interrelated issues. First, it deals with the history of making the Farakka barrage. Second, it illustrates the environmental cost of the Farakka barrage, which ultimately shows the legacy of the Partition till now. Drawing upon various published books and articles, this chapter aims to fill a literature gap by exploring the historical aspects of making the Farakka barrage and its impacts in Bangladesh and South Asia.