Ageing involves inability to work, inadequate health, and insecurity with respect to dignified life in society. This chapter sets out contemporary public policy options to address these issues and review the Indian experience till date. India has pursued a host of welfare programs to address the needs of the elderly. Given the (i) costs due to multiplicity of mis-targeted and ill-conceived welfare schemes and (ii) government’s tentative proposal on universal basic income in India, this chapter advocates a universal non-contributory old age pension meeting at least the canon of effectiveness by specifying an allowance defined with respect to subsistence/inclusive-growth-threshold norms. To overcome the limitations of the absolute poverty/inclusive growth approaches, it proposes inflation-growth-integrated senior citizen old age allowances across states and over time in India. To ensure feasibility and sustainability of this proposal, public policy options for pay as you go in the formal sector and tied health insurance in the informal sector could be explored.