Quality health services and reduction in financial catastrophe are two key components of universal health coverage (UHC) and are instrumental in achieving health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, progress in UHC is largely uneven and slower in poorer countries and among the elderly, who often have inadequate financial risk protection. While health spending in developed countries is largely met by social health insurance in most countries of South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, it is predominantly met by households through out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. The per-capita health spending has a strong age gradient, being significantly higher among older adults across different geographies and income levels. Old age is often characterized by poor physical health, a high disease burden, and increasing economic insecurity, making high OOP payments particularly burdensome and leaving the elderly more vulnerable. Although financial protection through health insurance coverage has been increasing across countries, it systematically neglects the elderly, the poor, and women. While studies on health financing have been increasing, little is known about the elderly in South-East Asian countries. In this part, 14 chapters discussed various aspects of medical spending, OOP payments, catastrophic health spending, and health insurance coverage in South-East Asian countries. Findings from these studies suggest a higher disease burden, unmet healthcare needs, low healthcare utilization, high OOP payments, and significant catastrophic health spending among the elderly. A multipronged strategy that includes increased public health insurance, familial support, and the availability of quality health services can help alleviate the financial catastrophe faced by the elderly in these countries.