With the overtime decline in fertility and mortality levels, aging in India has become a growing concern with several dependency-related challenges arising from compromised health, and lack of a stable income, coupled with sociological factors related to family dynamics, living arrangements, and marriage patterns. This chapter uses nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 75th Round of the National Sample Survey (2017–2018) to examine the demographic and socioeconomic patterning of economic dependency among the elderly in India. Findings from the analyses revealed that about 70% of elderly in India were reported to be economically dependent with the odds increasing notably with age. A substantial gender bias was observed with elderly women being more likely to be dependents. The results also revealed associations of economic dependency with education level and income with a higher share of dependent elderlies concentrated among richer households in urban areas and evenly distributed across the bottom three wealth quintiles in rural areas. Finally, financial dependency was found to be higher among the elderly with more sons, with fewer daughters, and among those living without spouses or children. Given the dependency-related consequences of aging, this chapter calls for urgent policy measures aimed at enhancing and broadening social security nets for the elderly across different ages, genders, incomes, and health conditions. Simultaneously, there should be coordinated efforts to promote financial literacy, raise awareness, and foster economic independence among the elderly demographic in the country.