This chapter seeks to compare the divergence and convergence in health policy in China and India, the two large Asian countries. Prior to the 1940s, both these countries had differential engagement with colonial powers that shaped their respective health policies. After gaining independence in the 1940s, the two countries took divergent paths in terms of political ideology and socioeconomic development that influenced health policy. With the rise of globalization and liberalization from the late 1970s, there was convergence with the adoption of health sector reforms that advocated for commercialization. With changes in the demographic and epidemiological contexts in both countries, the commercialized health services faced similar challenges in access to integrated health services specially for older persons.