Since the 1990s, post-liberalization India has witnessed state withdrawal from measures such as postretirement pensions (noncontributory) for the organized public sector workforce. However, India has introduced some safety-net type of policies like pension schemes for the vast majority of unorganized workforce. The elderly were one of the vulnerable groups who benefited from social security pensions known as “National Old Age Pension Scheme” as part of National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) and later renamed as “Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme.” The chapter explores the administrative setup, implementation, and usefulness of “Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme” in addition to comparing the role of state and family for providing care and social security for the elderly in rural areas of Undivided Andhra Pradesh.