In the preceding century most countries in the world have successfully addressed the challenges of premature and childhood mortality, maternal mortality, and excess fertility through socio-economic development, better public health practices, and universal immunization, along with impressive advances in medical sciences in saving early and premature death. Most people across the globe can now look forward to live to their 80s and 90s. These phenomenal achievements in human development, on the other hand, are associated with hitherto unprecedented challenges of an aging population. In this chapter we have examined the issues that affect well-being in old age and policy interventions to address them, namely, the status of older people in the global developmental agenda, health and well-being in late life, universal health coverage for the older population, changing concept and practice of health and long-term care, integrated care, preparing for old age from early adulthood, and implication of ageism in policies and programs for older people. The World Health Organization and other agencies of the United Nations in 2020 resolved to enhance the profile of aging population in the developmental agenda by dedicating this decade to older people by adopting the goal of healthy aging. It is expected that the decade of activities will prioritize aging in human development policies and programs in furthering well-being at every stage of life.