The Word Order Types of Miao-Yao Languages
摘要
Divergence remains as to the classification of the Miao-Yao group based on lexical and grammatical standards. The word order patterns of the Miao-Yao languages are complex and exhibit double types both within the group and individually. Their deviations from the implicational universals of SVO languages and disharmonic word order types can be primarily attributed to language contact and linguistic influence. In this chapter, we seek to describe the basic word orders and the word order types of nominal phrases of Miao-Yao languages in Southern China. The basic word orders observed include the order between verb and object (V+O), verb and manner adverb (V+AM), verb and degree adverb (V+AD), adjective and negative adverb (AN+ADJ), adposition (PREP+NP, NP+POS, AP+VP or VP+AP), appositive construction (EP+PN or PN+EP) , and non-equality comparative construction (ADJ+m+ST or m+ST+ADJ). The word order patterns of nominal phrases include the order between noun and noun (N+N(head) or N(head)+N), the noun and the genitive (GEN+N), noun and adjective (N+ADJ or ADJ+N), noun and demonstrative (N+DEM or DEM+N), noun and classifier structure (CLF+N+DEM,NUM+CLF+N+DEM, DEM+CLF+N, or DEM+NUM+CLF+N), and noun and relative clause (N+RelV or RelV+N).