In this chapter, we will discuss photoelectric functional polymers. Utilizing polythiophene and polyselenophene as model systems to regulate the condensed state structure of conjugated polymers and correlate these structures to device performance, the obtained rules, methods, and mechanisms are expected to be extended to other conjugated polymers. After that, luminescent polymer materials with unique photo functional properties based on chromophores such as polysulfide aromatic hydrocarbons and ortho-pyridinil phenols are introduced. Finally, aiming at the application of photoelectric functional polymer materials, we introduce the material patterning, device integration, and explains its potential application in photoelectric detection, chemical and biological sensing.