Located in Northern Europe, Latvia has a rich history of agriculture and plant breeding. The country conserves over 4000 accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in both in situ and ex situ collections. These resources represent more than 124 species, with the largest groups being fruits and berries, cereals, and forage crops. However, the collections include regionally important species such as flax, hemp, and gray field peas. Latvia actively participates in international efforts to preserve genetic resources and has established long-term collaborations with regional partners such as the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Estonia, and Lithuania. NordGen maintains a joint plant genetic resources database (GENBIS) GENBISand holds safety duplicationsSafety duplications of Latvian plant genetic resource accessions. In 2021, Latvia made its first deposit of seed accessions to the Svalbard Global Seed Vault (SGSV). To facilitate the use of our genetic resources, crop descriptor lists and genetic analysis protocols have been developed for the majority of species in collections. Accessions are publicly available and distributed in accordance with the terms of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and AgricultureInternational Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). Efforts are underway to develop an in situ conservation strategy, and collaborations with seed saverSeed saver organizations and other nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been established. This chapter aims to provide an overview of agriculture and breeding in Latvia, the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources, and their acquisition, evaluation, and distribution.