The Scientific Center of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, within the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, hosts around 3900 seed accessions in its seed gene bank. These encompass a diverse assortment of both traditional and modern varieties, hybrids, parental lines of vegetable and industrial crops, and spicy-aromatic species. The gene bank holds a pivotal role, serving as both a strategic repository and a platform for genetic enhancement and broadening efforts, thus contributing to national food security. The primary aim of the gene bank is to safeguard ancient and modern breeding varieties of vegetables, melons, and industrial crops, as well as spices and herbs. A particular emphasis is placed on preserving genetic material of Armenian origin, with a focus on landraces and locally bred varieties and hybrids. This preservation effort aims to benefit current and future generations, enhancing the sustainability of agricultural production and addressing environmental changes. The gene bank’s conservation strategy for vegetable and industrial crops consists of two main collections: a long-term base collection and a medium-term active collection. Each accession is meticulously documented with passport data, and the database is accessible through EURISCO and GBIF information platforms, as well as through the website of the Scientific Centre. Incorporating stored germplasm into breeding programs has led to the creation and release of over 150 unique varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops at the Scientific Centre. This chapter briefly describes the objective of the gene bank, its content, strategic approaches to establishing collection types, and accessibility channels.