Indonesia is recognized as a mega-biodiversity tropical country, situated in a distinct geographical location between two continents and two oceans. In Indonesia, conservation efforts involve the establishment of ex situ collections of tropical fruit plant species. Various experimental fields, botanical gardens, and commercial fruit gardens were constructed with the explicit purpose of serving as preservation, research, and education institutions. The primary focus of conservation efforts is on bananas, mangoes, mangosteens, durians, salacca, and other underused fruit trees. Tropical fruits are comprised of numerous accessions, each possessing distinct features. The tropical fruit collection is used for both research purposes and the development of new and improved plant kinds. The Indonesian Tropical Fruit Gene Bank encounters various obstacles, including the vast biodiversity, difficulty in reaching remote areas, conservation of traditional tropical fruit varieties, financial and infrastructural limitations, policy and institutional backing, climate change as well as management of pests and diseases, and the need for capacity development and public awareness. Furthermore, the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Gene Bank has several prospects, including the expansion of genetic collections, integration of modern technology, enhancement of collaboration and networking, capacity building, training, development of policy and legal framework, adaptation to climate change, and engagement and dissemination to the public. This chapter offers an interpretation of the historical background, a comprehend description of the content of plant genetic resources, and the significance of the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Gene Bank. It also discloses the challenges encountered and proposes insights into future perspectives.