The Agricultural Gene Bank of the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) has played a crucial role in the ex situ conservation of agricultural genetic resources. This has been achieved through three conservation approaches: seed preservation, field gene bank, and in vitro methods. However, with the reformation of the national research organization in 2022, the institution has been transformed into the Indonesian Center for Testing of Standards of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Instruments (ICTS-ABGRI). This chapter provides an overview of the ICABIOGRAD gene bank operation prior to this organization change. During the gene bank operation, several issues were encountered and addressed. Two major problems in seed conservation, regeneration backlogs and genetic integrity disruption, were minimized by rescheduling seed regeneration, enhancing seed handling, and developing seed references. Various problems in the field of gene bank management of tuber crops were also addressed through the implantation of shifting plantations, mulching, and potting techniques. Slow growth in vitro methods were utilized as a backup for field conservation. Additionally, a documentation program was carried out, and an information system was developed to enhance the efficiency of gene bank operations. Despite these advancements, there are still several issues that require further attention. These include the rationalization of collections, the development of a functional core collection, and the improvement of technical and managerial practices. Furthermore, new approaches and breakthroughs need to be explored, and collaboration needs to be strengthened in order to achieve an efficient conservation program. These recommendations are crucial for the ICTS-ABGRI, which now holds the mandate to sustain the conservation program.