The preservation of crop genetic resources has become a global priority, with growing interest in plant biodiversity. To ensure food security, preserving genetic diversity through ex situ conservation is increasingly important. The Institut Technique de l’Arboriculture Fruitière et de la Viticulture (ITAFV) was created in 1990 and comprises 11 experimental farms across the country, among them the ITAFV collection of Emdjez Edchich, Skikda, located in north-eastern Algeria. This gene bank is essentially represented by the Vitis genera (Vitis vinifera L., Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris, and the species Vitis berlandieri) and contains 900 grapevines belonging to 60 cultivars collected from various regions in Algeria, and most of them are either extinct or extremely rare. A carefully curated collection plays an essential role in preserving and improving plant genetic resources, particularly in viticulture and arboriculture. The main missions of ITAFV Skikda are the conservation, multiplication, and dissemination of germplasm to ensure agriculture’s sustainability and variety selection, namely those resistant to disease and resilient to climate change, thus playing an essential role in research and the promotion of autochthonous varieties. This chapter aims to provide a detailed description of the grapevine gene banks in Algeria, focusing on the country’s most extensive ex situ collection (ITAFV Slikda). The research unit responsible for these gene banks is supervising studies on the analysis of grapevine characteristics such as morphology, molecular level, and sanitary status. Simultaneously, by popularization, developing a database and documentation system, they support scientific research and demonstrate the high level of polymorphism and genetic variability in this collection.