Wi-Fi fingerprinting localization has gathered extensive attention in both academia and industries over the past two decades, establishing itself as the most popular indoor localization technique due to its cost-effectiveness and widespread availability. This chapter ratiocinates the critical challenges that limit the practical applications of Wi-Fi fingerprinting localization, including time-consuming radio map construction, access point (AP) placement, device heterogeneity, channel difference, and environmental dynamics. Then, the corresponding solutions of the aforementioned challenges are, respectively, introduced, including the effective sampling sizes, the optimal AP placement strategy, the robust localization method, and the efficient radio map update scheme.