The United Nations (UN) has projected that the world’s population is expected to expand to 9.7 billion by 2050, and half of its arable land would likely be unsuitable for agricultural use because of rapid urbanization and industrialization. Producing enough food to feed everyone on the planet will therefore be a difficult task. Up to 75% of the world’s population may be impacted by water scarcity and desertification by 2050. As a result, we must consider creative and important solutions to boost our capacity for food production in the future. The challenges of food production are and will remain formidable, particularly for water-scarce countries. In order to provide rising populations with a sustainable supply of food, hydroponic technology has emerged in response to the demand for more sustainable agriculture. This technology allows for the large-scale production of high-quality crops in water-scarce locations, climatically harsh regions, and urban areas globally. The hydroponic system effectively recycles the nutrient and water supply, consumes 50–85% lesser water, controls plant disease, and production is much higher than traditional agriculture, thus very important for sustainable agriculture in water-deficit region. Hydroponics is a feasible and sustainable vegetable growing method that has been implemented by several Middle Eastern countries that are located in desert regions. A range of hydroponic systems can be applied in urban locations for intensive, high-value crop production and for greener and cleaner cities. With the help of advanced technologies and good scientific knowledge, hydroponics has been emerged as a significantly more appropriate and sustainable method of farming in urban, peri-urban settlements and regions challenged with scarcity of water and cultivable land. Governments in each and every country all over the world need to make policies, provide awareness, knowledge, and training on low-cost hydroponic technology for road toward sustainable agriculture and food security.