Financial information transparency (FIT) is crucial since it supports sustainable development, capital mobilization, and enhances business reputation. This study aims to examine the impact of governance factors on the FIT of public companies. Data was collected from 660 financial statements of 60 listed firms on the Vietnam stock market across four sectors, including utility services, tourism, pharmaceutical chemistry, and construction materials, from 2013 to 2022. The analysis employed fixed effects model (FEM) and random effects model (REM) to evaluate the relationship between governance factors and FIT. The results indicate four factors positively and significantly influence FIT, including company size by assets (SIZE), the number of independent members on the Board of Directors (IBOD), the size of the Board of Directors (SBOD), and the Chairman concurrently serving as General Director (CHAIRM). Conversely, financial leverage (FL) and Return on equity (ROE) negatively and significantly impact FIT. The frequency of Board of Directors meetings (MBOD) shows a negative but insignificant impact. The research variables explain 14.00% of the variation in FIT among the companies studied. These findings could be used to improve FIT, helping to reduce information asymmetry and agency costs, and thereby enhancing investor confidence when making decisions based on a company’s financial statements and business results.