Intellectual property rights, or IPRs, are essential for promoting creativity and protecting medical research findings, such as neuroprotective biomaterials. Intellectual property rights remain associated with Article 27 regarding the UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) which mentions safeguarding the “material and moral interests” of creators, promoting their innovation and creative output, and striking a balance between their rights and the public’s access to advances in cultural and scientific research. The development, defence, along with the commercialization of neuroprotective biomaterials—which show promise in treating neurodegenerative illnesses and nervous system injuries—depend heavily on intellectual property rights (IPRs). However, IPRs have benefits like encouraging innovation, rewarding investment, and guaranteeing surveillance of quality, these rights also have major limitations that affect innovation, accessibility, cost, ethical issues, and global inequities. These restrictions obstruct the prompt availability and fair transportation of neuroprotective biomaterials, which interferes with the struggle against neurodegenerative disorders and promotes health outcomes worldwide. The difficulties in obtaining IPRs, possible patent disputes, exorbitant expenses, and regulatory barriers, however, provide challenging obstructions. Working together, academics, business, and legal professionals may help overcome these obstacles and make it easier to integrate modern innovations into healthcare applications. This chapter discusses the need for recent developments in neuroprotective biomaterials and highlights the intellectual property rights (also called IPRs) crucial role in protecting these advancements and ensuring ethical and legal observance in various nations as well.