The quest for enhanced efficiency and performance in wind energy has spurred a paradigm shift toward innovative flow control methods. With the escalating global demand for sustainable energy sources, wind turbines have emerged as pivotal contributors to the renewable energy landscape. To further harness the potential of wind energy, researchers and engineers have delved into advancements in flow control strategies to optimize the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines. This comprehensive review explores the latest breakthroughs in flow control technologies, ranging from passive to active methods, to enhance efficiency, reliability, and overall energy output. The review begins by elucidating the fundamental principles governing fluid dynamics and the challenges associated with uncontrolled flows in wind engineering. This paper systematically surveys a wide array of active and passive flow control devices, encompassing vortex generators, porous surfaces, riblets, and biomimetic structures. Each device is critically analyzed in terms of its underlying physics, design considerations, and empirical effectiveness in mitigating flow separation, controlling boundary layers, and optimizing aerodynamic characteristics. This assessment is based on tangible, measurable results obtained from experiments, field tests, or operational use, rather than relying solely on theoretical predictions or simulations. Special attention is given to recent innovations and emerging technologies that have pushed the boundaries of flow control research. The synthesis of findings will highlight successful implementations of flow control in wind turbines, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of these advancements. Investigating the adaptability of flow control innovations across different wind energy platforms. The review explores their application in horizontal and vertical axes wind turbines, as well as their scalability for various turbine sizes, emphasizing versatility and widespread impact. Addressing challenges associated with the implementation of flow control technologies, such as scalability, durability, and cost-effectiveness. The review also outlines potential research directions and emerging trends that could shape the future landscape of pass flow control in wind energy. Delving into the latest flow control devices, from vortex generators and serrated trailing edges to advanced aerodynamic surfaces. This section provides a detailed examination of the design principles and operational mechanisms that distinguish these technologies.