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Antioxidants play a critical role in preserving the physiological balance of the human body. These compounds neutralize highly reactive free radicals, which are generated as natural byproducts of metabolism or through external sources such as UV radiation, pollution, and certain medications. When left unchecked, free radicals can cause damage to cellular structures, DNA, and proteins, leading to the development of various health disorders, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. The process of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules by antioxidants involves stabilizing free radicals by donating electrons, thus breaking the chain reaction of oxidative damage. Common antioxidants include vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, flavonoids, and polyphenols found abundantly in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains. Beyond the scavenging of free radicals, antioxidants also modulate cellular signaling pathways, gene expression, and enzyme activities. Such modulation influences various biochemical processes essential for health and disease prevention. This chapter provides an overview of antioxidants and their physiological role in scavenging free radicals.

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Antioxidants and Their Physiological Role in Free Radical Scavenging

  • 动态工具书词条

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Biswajit Mukherjee,
  • Ashique Al Hoque,
  • Sefali Halder Hota,
  • Srijita Gope,
  • Manisheeta Ray,
  • Mrinmoy Barman,
  • Sanchari Bhattacharya,
  • Shreyasi Chakraborty,
  • Laboni Das

摘要

Antioxidants play a critical role in preserving the physiological balance of the human body. These compounds neutralize highly reactive free radicals, which are generated as natural byproducts of metabolism or through external sources such as UV radiation, pollution, and certain medications. When left unchecked, free radicals can cause damage to cellular structures, DNA, and proteins, leading to the development of various health disorders, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. The process of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules by antioxidants involves stabilizing free radicals by donating electrons, thus breaking the chain reaction of oxidative damage. Common antioxidants include vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, flavonoids, and polyphenols found abundantly in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains. Beyond the scavenging of free radicals, antioxidants also modulate cellular signaling pathways, gene expression, and enzyme activities. Such modulation influences various biochemical processes essential for health and disease prevention. This chapter provides an overview of antioxidants and their physiological role in scavenging free radicals.