Emergent pollutants pose significant threats to global ecosystems and human health, dispersing across water, air, and soil matrices and causing diverse adverse effects like carcinogenesis and antimicrobial resistance. Addressing their removal is crucial for sustainability, yet traditional methods are limited by high energy consumption and harmful by-products production. Microalgae biotechnology emerges as a cost-effective and energy-efficient alternative, especially in wastewater treatment. Microalgae, with their diversity and adaptability, offer unique capabilities for pollutant sequestration and metabolism. By maximizing the performance of microalgal species for improved bioremediation, a viable solution emerges for addressing pollution caused by contaminants in wastewater. This chapter highlights microalgae’s numerous applications in environmental remediation, emphasizing the need for continued research, innovation, and integration with existing technologies to advance this field and mitigate the impact of emergent pollutants effectively. The future success of microalgal bioremediation hinges on collaborative efforts across disciplines and industries to address pressing environmental challenges.