There is an increasing demand for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics as additives and preservatives in the food industry for a variety of applications. However, global plant yields per hectare have significantly decreased due to aggressive cultivation practices aimed at feeding growing populations, as well as the impacts of climate change. There is, therefore, an urgent need to find alternative ways/smart ways of production, especially because the chemical synthesis of these valuables is complex and their production levels in nature are very low. Thus, accelerating plant growth and productivity by application of nanofertilizers can open new perspectives in agricultural practice. However, the response of plants to nanofertilizers varies with the type of plant species, their growth stages, and the nature of nanomaterials. This chapter deals with different nanomaterials/nanoparticles obtained from polysaccharides along with their applications in food and agriculture and industries. By following the techniques mentioned in this chapter, one can improve the food yield without the quality of food and fertility of the soil being affected.