The chapter discusses climate change and its effects on coastal regions, focusing on the southwest coast of Kerala, India. It highlights how climate change leads to alterations in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, resulting in a rise in Earth’s surface temperature and various impacts such as melting ice caps, sea-level rise, erosion, and salinization of freshwater resources. Changes in monsoon patterns, including alterations in their timing, duration, and strength, can result in either droughts or floods, affecting agricultural productivity, access to water resources, and people’s means of living. The escalating global temperatures exacerbate the rise in sea levels due to the expansion of seawater caused by heat absorption and the melting of glaciers and ice caps. Consequently, coastal areas experience erosion, heightened salinity levels in estuaries and groundwater, and degradation of vital habitats like mangroves and wetlands. These ecosystems play a critical role in preserving biodiversity and shielding inland regions from the impacts of storm surges. The study employs different proxies like diatoms, palynofacies, geochemical analysis, and grain size to understand these impacts. Additionally, it explores the role of coastal and marine ecosystems in carbon sequestration as a means to mitigate climate change. Overall, the chapter underscores the significant impact of climate change on the southwest coast of India, encompassing diverse environmental conditions, ecosystems, and human activities.