Chemical weathering is a fundamental and continuous geological process that influences the global cycling of chemical elements and plays a significant role in the formation of soils and impacts the compositions of oceans and the atmosphere. The diverse processes, including dissolution, hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydration, alter the composition and structure of rocks over time. The interplay between factors such as mineralogy, climate, topography, vegetation, and human activities significantly modulates the rates and patterns of chemical weathering. The influence of atmospheric CO2 levels is influenced by the consumption of carbonates and silicates, thereby regulating the greenhouse effect and impacting global climate dynamics. Moreover, the role of chemical weathering in nutrient cycling and soil formation is vital in sustaining terrestrial ecosystems and agricultural productivity. The comprehensive review and analysis presented in this chapter underscore the critical importance of chemical weathering in shaping the Earth’s surface, regulating climate, and maintaining the environmental balance, thereby emphasizing its relevance for scientific inquiry and sustainable resource management.