Water is considered as an important component for supporting the environmental balance and biodiversity. It is used for various purposes from domestic use to agricultural and industrial usage. Water should be free from any kind of pollutants such as heavy metals, nutrients, organic pollutants, halogens, pathogens, etc. These pollutants are responsible for disturbing the natural properties of water, eventually leading to the pollution of waterbodies. Unpotable and contaminated water has been the leading cause of diseases in human beings. Water pollution is a severe problem faced by many countries due to the combined effects of different sources of pollution such as industrialization, urbanization, sewage discharge, agricultural runoff, nuclear powerplants, fossil-fuel plants, and so on. This issue has now become the most pressing environmental concern as it has degraded the quality of water resources and depleted water resources from finite to limited quantity. Preserving freshwater is an important task due to ever-increasing anthropogenic pressures. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt sustainable and ecologically sound management and restoration practices to safeguard water and its resources. This study thus discusses about water pollution, sources of water pollution, various challenges, and some remedial measures to reduce the problem of water pollution.