Water is the most essential element for life to exist. The emergence of the urbanized period has led to a widespread overuse of natural resources. As a result, overuse of water resources led to water pollution and a number of waterborne illnesses associated with it. Fecal waste, when it comes into touch with water sources, inadequate food and water hygiene maintenance, and a disregard for the necessity of better water-related infrastructure, such as a separate sewage pipe system from the home pipesPipes transporting uncontaminated water, are some of the major causes of water-related illness. It is challenging to investigate the diversity of waterborne pathogens due to limited detection, sample testing, and different escape methods developed by waterborne pathogens. Since water-related illnesses are common in both high-income countries (HIC) and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), there is a need to expedite epidemiological studies, research studies, and related effective preventive measures to prevent or at least minimize the incidence rate of these diseases. In addition to discussing the various sources of water contamination and the diseases linked to them, this review also discusses the difficulties faced by epidemiologists and research scientists in determining the prevalence of these illnesses and how individuals, groups within government agencies, and society at large can all help prevent diseases both locally and personally.