Adsorbents are the most desirable agents for cleaning wastewater. Activated carbon is a commercially available effective adsorbent but with high cost and low regenerability. Hence, the current focus is on valorization of bioresources to synthesize new green adsorbents. The use of biomass as a feedstock material has many high positives to develop new adsorbents. Apart from being inherently eco-friendly, these are inexpensive, selective, efficient, and easily regenerable. An adsorbent should have high sustainability. The biomass/biowaste is the most suitable feedstock material to design an adsorbent. The ease of functionalization of biomass by various modes results in adsorbents with inherent biodegradable nature leaving behind no waste post-use. Thus, use of biowaste to develop new adsorbents is an ideal example of circular economy. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a hugely available biowaste material which has been explored to synthesize new adsorbents for various forms of pollutants in native or in modified forms. With focus on diverse aspects of a desirable adsorbent, in this chapter, we discuss advances made in the field of utilization of SCB as a feedstock material of new adsorbents. The subject matter discussed includes different modes of SCB functionalization for subsequent use to adsorb various pollutants including cations, anions, and organic contaminants. We have not set up a timeline to discuss the same.