Agricultural biomass, such as crop residues, plant materials, and by-products, serves as a versatile and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of pollutants from industrial effluents. The diverse applications and benefits associated with employing agricultural biomass for wastewater remediation, particularly agri-waste biomass, make it an ecologically useful method of environmental remediation. Agri-waste biomass can be used directly or indirectly after minimal processing for the eco-friendly treatment of industrial wastewater. The activated carbon derived from coconut shells, rice husk, and sugarcane bagasse serves as effective adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from industrial effluents to exhibit significant adsorption capacities for a diverse range of contaminants, including heavy metals, organic dyes, and industrial chemicals. The biochar produced from various agri-biomasses is highly useful for removing the toxicants from industrial wastewater. The cost-effectiveness, renewable nature, and potential for reuse and regeneration make agricultural biomass an attractive alternative to conventional treatment methods. The present chapter is focused on the use of agri-biomass in addressing both environmental and agricultural sustainability challenges while offering an eco-friendly solution for the treatment of industrial wastewater and further improving the integration of agricultural residues into comprehensive wastewater management strategies.