Sustainable development is a unifying concept and seeks to accomplish human development objectives while also empowering natural systems to supply humans with essential natural resources and ecosystem services. Water resource management plays a crucial role in sustaining mankind, agronomy, and ecological stability. Various ecosystem services provided by Northwestern Himalayas sustained rich biodiversity and sizeable human population. But varied anthropogenic activities pose a threat to the survival of these ecosystems. The diversity of freshwater fishes in the aquatic resources of the Himachal Pradesh region of Northwestern Himalayas is unique owing to diverse geomorphic conditions, differential thermal regimes, and turbid water current, but the exhaustive scientific intervention to sustain it is wanting. The main reservoirs in Himachal Pradesh have been adjudicated as best-managed reservoirs with regard to fish yield and fetching the greatest rates of fish harvests from the nation’s biggest reservoirs. But in Himachal Pradesh, the rivers and their tributaries are worst affected. Unsustainable harnessing of rivers for hydropower development initiatives poses a serious threat to typical hill-stream fishes due to reduced water flow, and the building of dams without ladders acts as barriers for the upstream migration of fish. The present research article gives insight into different issues about ichthyofaunal diversity in varied aquatic resources of Himachal Pradesh in terms of sustainable development.