Energy is fundamental to human survival and growth, but its production and consumption account for 76% of global greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from fossil fuels. Despite advancements, 770 million people in developing countries cannot access electricity, and 2.6 billion cooks with polluting fuels. The 2015 Paris Agreement aims to mitigate climate change by reducing global temperature increases, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power, are critical to this transition, as is increased energy efficiency. Bioenergy, derived from organic materials such as biomass, provides a sustainable alternative. First-generation biofuels use food crops. Second-generation biofuels use non-food feedstocks, and third-generation biofuels harness algae. Bioethanol, derived from sugars and starches through microbial fermentation, is a popular renewable fuel blended with petrol to reduce emissions. Biodiesel, made from vegetable oils, animal fats, and recycled oils, is a greener alternative to diesel fuel. Biogas, derived from the anaerobic digestion of organic waste, is a renewable energy source for electricity and heating. Biohydrogen, produced via biological processes, is a promising third-generation biofuel with no greenhouse gas emissions. The global push for clean energy, including India’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2070 and initiatives like the Global Biofuel Alliance, emphasizes the critical need for long-term energy solutions. To reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate the effects of climate change, significant investments in renewable energy technologies and international cooperation are required to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.