The agricultural and farming industries generate a substantial volume of solid waste on a global scale. Inadequate management of agricultural waste contributes to environmental hazards, resulting in economic losses and health issues. Thus, it becomes imperative to establish agricultural waste management strategies that are not only cost-effective and efficient but also environmentally sustainable. Among the thermochemical techniques, pyrolysis stands out as a method capable of swiftly and effectively transforming agricultural waste residual biomass (AWRB) into solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. AWRB exhibits more efficient energy conversion compared to fossil fuel-based energy production. Recent years have witnessed a significant focus on microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) for converting AWRB into biofuels and value-added chemicals. Utilizing AWRB as a biofuel feedstock carries several favorable environmental implications, including heightened carbon sequestration, improved biomass utilization, and reduced sulfur emissions. Studies underscore the profound influence of feedstock composition and operational conditions such as microwave power, heating rate, temperature, residence time, and gas flow rate on both the yield and composition of pyrolysis products. Additionally, the implementation of microwave absorbers has been explored to enhance the efficacy of MAP. However, the prospective advancement of MAP encounters several challenges. Addressing the high initial investment and tackling the complexities of heating heterogeneous materials like AWRB are pressing issues. To render this method scalable and adaptable for remote and isolated regions, a multipronged approach must be adopted to surmount these challenges.